Hướng dẫn viết Diagram đề Two road tunnels in 2 Australian cities

Hướng dẫn chi tiết từng phần

Bước 1: Introduction (Giới thiệu)

• Mục tiêu: Giới thiệu nội dung diagram, bao gồm các chi tiết mới.
• Ví dụ câu giới thiệu:
  • “The diagram presents information about two road tunnels in two Australian cities, detailing their construction, dimensions, costs, and additional features such as bridges and surrounding developments.”

Bước 2: Overview (Tổng quan)

• Mục tiêu: Đưa ra cái nhìn tổng quát, nhấn mạnh các điểm nổi bật, bao gồm cầu dây văng ở Tunnel A và nhiều tòa nhà ở Tunnel B.
• Ví dụ đoạn Overview:
  • “Overall, both tunnels feature a twin-tube design, but they differ in scale and timeline, with Tunnel A incorporating a cable-stayed bridge and Tunnel B surrounded by more modern buildings due to its later construction.”

Bước 3: Body (Thân bài)

• Mục tiêu: Mô tả chi tiết Tunnel A và Tunnel B, bao gồm các chi tiết mới, sau đó so sánh.
• Cách viết: Chia thành 2 phần:
  • Phần 1: Mô tả chi tiết Tunnel A và Tunnel B (bao gồm cầu, chất liệu, số làn xe, tòa nhà).
  • Phần 2: So sánh các khía cạnh chính.

Phần 1: Mô tả chi tiết

• Mẹo: Đề cập các chi tiết mới một cách logic, ví dụ: thời gian → chiều dài → độ sâu → chi phí → cầu → chất liệu → số làn xe → tòa nhà.
• Giả định hợp lý:
  • Chất liệu của Tunnel A: Thường các đường hầm thời đó dùng bê tông cốt thép (reinforced concrete).
  • Số làn xe: Twin-tube thường có 2 làn mỗi ống, nên giả định mỗi đường hầm có 4 làn (2 làn mỗi hướng).
  • Tòa nhà ở Tunnel B: Vì Tunnel B xây muộn hơn (2004-2007), có thể có nhiều tòa nhà cao tầng (high-rise buildings) mọc lên xung quanh.
• Ví dụ đoạn mô tả:
  • “Tunnel A, built from 1987 to 1992, spans 2.2 kilometers and reaches a depth of 25 meters, costing $556 million. It features a cable-stayed bridge above and is constructed using reinforced concrete, with 4 lanes in total. In contrast, Tunnel B, constructed between 2004 and 2007, extends 3.6 kilometers and descends to 35 meters, with a higher cost of $1.1 billion. Also designed with 6 lanes, Tunnel B is surrounded by numerous high-rise buildings, reflecting urban development during its construction period.”

Phần 2: So sánh

• Mẹo: So sánh các khía cạnh chính, bao gồm các chi tiết mới (cầu, tòa nhà).
• Ví dụ đoạn so sánh:
  • “While Tunnel A was built over a decade earlier than Tunnel B, it is shorter and shallower, with a length of 2.2 kilometers compared to 3.6 kilometers and a depth of 25 meters compared to 35 meters. Tunnel B’s cost of $1.1 billion is nearly double Tunnel A’s $556 million, likely due to its larger scale. Additionally, Tunnel A features a cable-stayed bridge, whereas Tunnel B is notable for the high-rise buildings around it. However, both tunnels share a twin-tube design.”

Bước 4: Ghép các phần thành bài hoàn chỉnh

The diagram presents information about two road tunnels in two Australian cities, detailing their construction, dimensions, costs, and additional features such as bridges and surrounding developments.

Overall, both tunnels feature a twin-tube design, but they differ in scale and timeline, with Tunnel A incorporating a cable-stayed bridge and Tunnel B surrounded by more modern buildings due to its later construction.

Tunnel A, built from 1987 to 1992, spans 2.2 kilometers and reaches a depth of 25 meters, costing $556 million. It features a cable-stayed bridge above and is constructed using reinforced concrete, with four lanes in total. In contrast, Tunnel B, constructed between 2004 and 2007, extends 3.6 kilometers and descends to 35 meters, with a higher cost of $1.1 billion. Also designed with six lanes, Tunnel B is surrounded by numerous high-rise buildings, reflecting urban development during its construction period. While Tunnel A was built over a decade earlier than Tunnel B, it is shorter and shallower, with a length of 2.2 kilometers compared to 3.6 kilometers and a depth of 25 meters compared to 35 meters. Tunnel B’s cost is nearly double Tunnel A’s, likely due to its larger scale. Additionally, Tunnel A features a cable-stayed bridge, whereas Tunnel B is notable for the high-rise buildings around it. However, both tunnels share a twin-tube design.